oa The Mass Grave Project. An interdisciplinary approach to the archaeology of mass graves

The shockingly frequent occurrence of mass graves resulting from conflict and mass violence comprises a significant humanitarian and social crisis. In addition to serving as tangible evidence of deep trauma, large-scale criminal acts and violation of human rights, mass graves pose complex and challenging archaeological contexts for investigation. The large numbers of deceased individuals and personal effects found within these graves require specialized forensic archaeological excavation techniques and meticulous documentation methods to safeguard evidence of crimes committed. However, mass graves as archaeological contexts are still poorly understood, with uncertainties surrounding the preservation of remains and the recovery of important evidence. These knowledge gaps affect the identification, documentation and recovery of victims found in mass graves. The Mass Grave Project is an interdisciplinary experiment simulating clandestine mass and single graves at the outdoor forensic research facility managed by the Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State University. By enhancing scientific understanding of mass graves as complex and dynamic archaeological contexts, the project seeks to advance the field of forensic archaeology. Specifically, the project aims to advance methods of detection, 3D documentation, and excavation of mass graves, as well as the identification and time-since-death estimation of the deceased individuals within them. Furthermore, the project seeks to provide training opportunities for students and practitioners in excavation and recording techniques, both through fieldwork and the development of innovative 3D Virtual Reality training tools. Improving scientific understanding of mass graves ensures the preservation of vital evidence of historical events and tragedies. Besides immediate importance for criminal prosecution and humanitarian purposes, such evidence is essential to the development of memorialization practices at conflict sites. Furthermore, improved identification and time-since-death estimation contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts by providing accurate data on victims of conflict.