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The Twelfth International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS 12)
Preface:
The Twelfth International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS 12) is a global space in which Asia scholars and social and cultural actors from all over the world engage in dialogues on Asia that transcend boundaries between academic disciplines and geographic regions. The twelfth edition of ICAS was held from 24 to 28 August 2021.
The special focus of ICAS 12 was “Crafting a Global Future”; presentations at ICAS 12 involved topics from all Asian Studies disciplines in the broadest possible sense. Due to the global circumstances, ICAS 12 manifested its theme in a dynamic virtual form. Unlike the previous editions, which were hosted in different countries together with local partners, ICAS 12 was organized for the first time entirely online by the ICAS Secretariat in Leiden in partnership with Kyoto Seika University, Japan.
The Twelfth International Convention of Asia Scholars facilitated interdisciplinary dialogues on Asia and attracted 1500 scholars, civil society representatives, practitioners, publishers and artists who gathered online in more than 300 live discussion sessions to exchange and discuss their latest research. For a more detailed report on ICAS 12, check out our article in IIAS’s The Newsletter, ICAS 12: A Retrospective.
The ICAS Conference Proceedings is doubtlessly a mere excerpt of the richness and diversity of ICAS 12. These 94 articles represent the advancements in the field of Asian Studies and depict the ongoing research on the themes of Arts, Economy, Development and Urbanization, Education and Knowledge, Environment and Climate Change, Gender and Diversity, Heritage and Culture, History, Language and Literature, Media and the Digital Age, Migration and Diasporas, Philosophy, Region and Beliefs, Politics and International Relations and Society and Identity.
View Organisational Board
The Twelfth International Convention of Asia Scholars (ICAS 12) is a global space in which Asia scholars and social and cultural actors from all over the world engage in dialogues on Asia that transcend boundaries between academic disciplines and geographic regions. The twelfth edition of ICAS was held from 24 to 28 August 2021.
The special focus of ICAS 12 was “Crafting a Global Future”; presentations at ICAS 12 involved topics from all Asian Studies disciplines in the broadest possible sense. Due to the global circumstances, ICAS 12 manifested its theme in a dynamic virtual form. Unlike the previous editions, which were hosted in different countries together with local partners, ICAS 12 was organized for the first time entirely online by the ICAS Secretariat in Leiden in partnership with Kyoto Seika University, Japan.
The Twelfth International Convention of Asia Scholars facilitated interdisciplinary dialogues on Asia and attracted 1500 scholars, civil society representatives, practitioners, publishers and artists who gathered online in more than 300 live discussion sessions to exchange and discuss their latest research. For a more detailed report on ICAS 12, check out our article in IIAS’s The Newsletter, ICAS 12: A Retrospective.
The ICAS Conference Proceedings is doubtlessly a mere excerpt of the richness and diversity of ICAS 12. These 94 articles represent the advancements in the field of Asian Studies and depict the ongoing research on the themes of Arts, Economy, Development and Urbanization, Education and Knowledge, Environment and Climate Change, Gender and Diversity, Heritage and Culture, History, Language and Literature, Media and the Digital Age, Migration and Diasporas, Philosophy, Region and Beliefs, Politics and International Relations and Society and Identity.
View Organisational Board
- Conference date: August 24, 2021 - August 28, 2021
- Location: Kyoto, Japan (online conference)
- ISBN: 9789048557820
- Volume number: 1
- Published: 01 June 2022
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1 - 50 of 94 results
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Entangled Gardens: Heterotopian Relationality in Romesh Gunesekera’s The Prisoner of Paradise (2012)
More LessThis essay proposes a relational conception of utopian entanglements that frames utopia in material environmental terms and focuses on gardens as exemplary sites where materialism and other discourses in culture and literature come together. It contextualises a piece of historical metafiction in a framework informed by heterotopia and recent theorisations of relationality in the face of an ongoing crisis of connectio Read More
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Belt and Road Initiative and its Impacts on Latin America’s Regional Integration
More LessLatin America was invited in 2018 to be a “natural extension” to a set of new infrastructure projects with aims to improve regional integration and economic development with the label of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). If successful, the new regional integration scheme proposed by the BRI may reshape global politics and have implications for Latin America’s regional institutions and economic blocs. In this article, we arg Read More
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Island, Mainland, and the Homeland Question: Gendered Oral Histories of Displacement(s) and Peripherality
More LessAndaman Islands, straddling the margin of South and Southeast Asia at the edge of India’s territory, is a geopolitically sensitive, hyper-masculine island-space where the mainland has inscribed its nationalist depictions of history. Post-colonial social engineering policies have resulted in the settlement of various mainland communities, including the Bengali Hindu refugees and migrants of India’s eastern Partition (1947), in th Read More
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Dynamic Heritage: The Possibilities of Digital Tools in Japanese Architectural Heritage Management
More LessAuthors: Gergely Péter Barna & Exthai ChhivThe traditional concept of architecture in Japan has the distinct feature of connecting the construction process with the result, the building itself. In recent years, however, this link is somewhat diminished, because of the change of the stakeholder’s roles, and the new challenge that heritage is facing. Digital surveying technologies are often used as tools for taking static snapshots of the present to archive. As such, they also hav Read More
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The Rupee: The Making and Unmaking of a Global Currency
More LessBy Ian BarrowThis paper examines the broad dissemination of the East India Company’s rupee currency at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. It explains why the rupee became the dominant means of exchange in much of India and why, despite some promise, it failed to become a global currency. The paper uses Helenus Scott’s The Adventures of a Rupee wherein are interspersed various anecdotes As Read More
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Men and Houses: Village space concept between the Hindu Kush and the Himalayas. Case Study of the Swat river valley (Pakistan) and the Almora in Kumaon (Uttarakhand - India)Valley
More LessStudies in the environmental archaeology of the mountains of Central and South Asia focus on the exploration of the millennia-old river valleys in the foothills of the Hindu Kush, Karakorum and Himalayas as corridors of exchange of agricultural practices, technical knowledge and skills. The region considered in this study is the Swat Valley situated in the North of Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa District which will be compared t Read More
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Rationalities of Green Urbanization in Chongqing: Local Environment at the Service of Eco-Capitalist Logics?
More LessContemporary Chinese urbanization is certainly a controversial and largely studied phenomenon, at least for what concerns the coastal areas. It is partly seen as a product of the semi-neoliberal politics introduced in the country, that have favoured the flow of economies and lifestyles modelled on capitalist patterns from the Global North. In the light of scholarships pointing out the relevance of local mechanisms of entrepreneuri Read More
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A Longitudinal Study of Korean Marriage Culture
More LessBy Elena BujaThis small-scale study aims to trace the changes that have occurred in the Korean marriage culture in a time span of about one hundred years, more specifically, since the beginning of the 20th century, when Korea opened its borders to foreigners, until the present, as well as to identify the causes that have led to these changes. The theoretical framework I employed is content analysis, whereas the content (data) subjected Read More
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Walking a Tightrope: India’s Security Challenges in its Neighbourhood
More LessBy Astha ChadhaIndia has been a key strategic player in the Indian Ocean where it sees itself as a net security provider in the region. However, engagement of other powers in its neighborhood, as well as their partnerships with other South Asian nations towards defense, economics, infrastructure development and technology, has posed a challenge for India's security and foreign policy. The study analyses how the change in South Read More
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How Do We Do If the Barbarians Have Their Monarchs: The Reading of the Sentence Yidizhiyoujun夷狄之有君 in the Analects from Song to Qing
More LessThe sentence 夷狄之有君，不如諸夏之亡也from the chapter Bayi八佾is one of the controversial sentences in the Analects for its possibility of being read as the exact opposite meanings: besides its literal and obvious meaning as 1. “The barbaric people with rulers are inferior to Chinese polities that are without ones.”, most scholars from Song dynasty (968-1279) chose, however, to understand it as 2. “Unlike the Chinese polities that are Read More
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Neighbourhoods and Neighbourliness in Urban South Asia: The Case of Kolkata’s ‘Para-s’
More LessWestern urban theory has traditionally viewed neighbourhoods as historical or administrative conveniences that functioned to organize civic life of communities in urban space. However, little attention has been paid to the diverse forms of sociability that emerge and thrive within these spaces. Even in the cities of the Global South, neighbourhood patterns have been sought to be explained predominantly through the twin lens of Read More
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Understanding Lifestyle Mobility in Contemporary China: A Case Study of Hostel Keepers in Lhasa
More LessBy Qiujie ChenSince late 2000s, moving to certain tourism destinations such as Lijiang, Dali and Lhasa for a short term from cities and opening a hostel during the stay have become a phenomenon among young urbanites in China. It is commonly described as a rebellious gesture against humdrum city living, which has a significant cultural impact on the young in China. Among the destinations, Lhasa has become a popular choice for those “ho Read More
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Heritage Commoditization in the Living Heritage Sites: A Case of 'Creative Destruction' in Lijiang’s Old Town in China
More LessThe transformation of Lijiang’s Old Town in Yunnan, China, into a major domestic and international tourist destination as a result of its 1997 designation as a World Heritage site, provides an exemplary case study into which tourism development model best explains its progress and predicts its trajectory. Mitchell hypothesized the twin poles of destruction and enhancement as the consequence of the creative powers Read More
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Redefining Heritage Values in Urban Regeneration:The Creation of New Identities in the Context of Shanghai’s Quest for Globalism
More LessAuthors: Harry Den Hartog & Plácido González MartínezSince early this century multiple urban regeneration projects in Shanghai and other Chinese cities incorporate heritage assets as landmark or attraction by means of de-contextualization and restoration, frequently after rebuilding or even relocating them. Based on a tabula rasa approach, by clearing up almost all pre-existing structures and context, the restored buildings are re-used. This means a discontinuity of the use th Read More
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Birth Images of Ghazan and Timur: Vessels of Memory for the Mughals
More LessIllustrated manuscripts, collected and owned by shahs, sultans and emperors during the reigns of Ilkhanid, Timurid, Safavid and Mughal dynasties, were highly valued objects. Carefully produced by a team of accomplished artists, calligraphers, book binders and gilders, who created these magnificent objects in a system of shared work at imperial kitabkhānās (ateliers), illustrated manuscripts became symbols of status and Read More
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Visualizing Famous Places for the Tourist Market: Yang Erzeng’s Newly Compiled Striking Views within the Seas in Seventeenth-Century China
More LessBy Xiaolin DuanDuring the seventeenth century, rapid developments in urbanization and sightseeing activities increased the popularity of woodblock prints that advertised famous sites. One of the most remarkable collections was Newly Compiled Striking Views within the Seas (1609) by Yang Erzeng. The collection served as a travel guidebook and included visual images along with geographical information about places of interest. This pa Read More
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The Catholic Priests, the Political Prisoners, and the Military: History of a New Religio-Political Chessboard in Indonesia
More LessIn Indonesia, the regime New Order under General Suharto emerged in 1965 as an anti-communist act, who later organized a vast and diversified prison network all over the Archipelago to incarcerate those accused of being communists. Facing massive arrests, the Indonesian Cardinal and several clergymen of the Society of Jesus developed a humanitarian aid called “Cardinal’s Social Program” to support the political prison Read More
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Rose Tinted and Blood Flecked? An Examination of the Private and Public Accounts of the British Garrison of Yokohama (1864-1875)
More LessThis paper presents first-hand accounts produced by members of the British garrison of Yokohama (1864-1875) as valuable sources for examining the history of early treaty port era Japan. As the garrison itself, despite its notable influence and size, remains largely unexplored in the English language scholarship, these accounts arguably take on even greater significance than they otherwise might. Through looking at two asp Read More
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Creating ‘my space’: Lived Experiences of Japanese Women in Singapore
More LessAuthors: Hiroko Fujita & Leng Leng ThangThis paper focuses on the lived experiences of Japanese women in Singapore. Set in the context of research on gender and transnational migration, the phenomenon of Japanese women moving overseas justifies more attention as the feminization trend of Japanese overseas started since around 2000 has become a more definite trend today. In contrast with economic migration, Japanese women’s transnational mobil Read More
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What Does It Mean to Play a Video Game in Bhutan?
More LessThis study aims to explain the current conditions of video games in Bhutanese society and clarify the realities of the Bhutanese gaming community. Bhutan, the tiny and landlocked Himalayan Kingdom, is globally well-known as ‘the last Shangri-La’. However, over the past two decades, Bhutanese society has drastically modernised. The first TV broadcasting, Internet connection, and mobile communication services were Read More
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The Ancient Southern Silk Road and the Contemporary One Belt and One Road in Southwest China Case study of Kunming City in Yunnan Province
More LessAuthors: Yun Gao & Adrian PittsKunming is the capital of Yunnan Province which shares borders with Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. The area of Yunnan province, accounts for only 4.1% of the area of the whole country, but within its boundaries can be found 50% of higher plants species found in China; the Province also hosts representatives of 25 different ethnic groups. Kunming is situated in a mountainous area so city development was constrained by topogr Read More
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Kyoto as a Palimpsest for Textual Heritage Or How to Rewrite a Historic Urban Space
More LessRecently, Kyoto has become one of the most popular touristic destination in Asia, attracting each year a growing number of visitors. This development has a double-faced consequence: greater efforts for the preservation of major historical sites, and at the same time a faster demolition of typical cityscapes and traditional neighborhoods not strictly tied to touristic routes. The aim seems to revert large portions Read More
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The Impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative and the South China Sea Dispute on the Hedging Strategies of the Philippines and Vietnam Towards China
More LessHedging is an attractive strategy for governments, especially in Southeast Asia, as well as a popular academic lens for analyzing the foreign policy strategies of small and middle powers. The Philippines and Vietnam are among the countries which apply a hedging strategy towards the rising China. Both countries seek gains from their close political-diplomatic and economic engagement with Beijing, conducted both bilaterally Read More
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Negotiating the End of Extraterritoriality (1919-1946): A Project Proposal
More LessOften viewed as a 19th-century affair, extraterritorial courts continued to act as delineators of status and civilization in global diplomacy until the 1940’s. They perpetuated ‘unequal treaties’ with Asian and African states until they had met a perceived normative level of alignment with Western values. Developments such as the inclusion of many non-European states into the League of Nations in 1919 brought hope for many sta Read More
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Non-Fiction Books on National Culture for Primary School Children in the Era Of Globalization: A Conceptual Study
More LessAuthors: Tu Anh Ha & Phuong Anh T. DangPurpose: The theoretical study aims to build a framework of writing non-fiction books on national culture for primary school children in the age of globalization so as to help children understand their identity and respect cultural differences as an educational solution to ensure cultural diversity and avoid cultural homogenization as a result of globalization. Methods: A literature review of related theories was carried out in order t Read More
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Mrs Browne and the Bengalis:An Early Transcolonial Story of Domestic Service, 1816-1821
More LessIn 1816, the Indian-born Sydney merchant and landowner, William Browne, brought a group of Indian servants into the New South Wales colony to work for him. Three years later the colonial governor Lachlan Macquarie would hold a magisterial inquiry into the alleged mistreatment of these workers, and the workers were then sent back to India. This episode in Australian history is regarded as one of the very earliest of the fl Read More
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When Jāwa Was Not Java: Sumatra in Pre-Modern Arabic Geographies
More LessThe article looks into pre-modern Arabic descriptions of Sumatra and discusses the conceptions and ideas of the island they present. Sumatra, the westernmost island of the Malay Archipelago, was the first part of the region to become familiar to Middle Eastern sailors and traders. It was on their way to China and served as a source of fresh water and food supplies, as well as camphor, benzoin, and other jungle products. The Read More
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British Trade at Hakodate during the Boshin War
More LessThe Boshin War (1868-69) fought between loyalists to the Tokugawa Shogunate and an alliance of domains rallying around the Japanese emperor was a major turning point in Japanese history. Though foreign powers, Britain included, remained officially neutral during the larger part of this civil conflict, several foreign actors contradicted this position. Existing literature and popular histories assume that British actors were no exc Read More
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Temporary Transformation of Thai New Middle Class into Lower Class in Labour Migration: A Case Study of Thai Technical Intern Trainees in Japan
More LessThe literature on the international migration of Thai workers, particularly unskilled labour during the 1970s and 1980s, emphasised the networks of family, relatives, and friends that enabled Thai workers’ migration and adaptation to life in host countries. Thai migrant workers throughout those periods were predominantly from the lower class with limited social capital. As a result, social networks played a critical role in the migr Read More
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Defence is the Best Attack. Jesuit Astronomy as a Tool for Conversion in Early Modern Japan
More LessThis contribution examines the Jesuit adaptation of astronomy as a tool for proselytization in Japan, focusing on the first known work of Western science authored in the country: Pedro Gomez's De Sphaera (1593). Said work offers a snapshot of Western cosmology as part of a compendium, coupled with the Aristotelian theory of the soul and an exposition of Christian theology. Taken together, the trilogy served as a textbook f Read More
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EU-Japan cooperation EPA: Wine and Motor vehicles: more than just tariff reduction: Deep Regulatory Cooperation through Free Trade Agreements
More LessBy Anke KennisThis brief paper aims to give an overview of the most important changes the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) brings to the wine and motor vehicles industry and why these changes have occurred. This paper analyses the most important changes to the wine and motor vehicles tariffs and regulations. The emphasis is on how regulatory cooperation between EU and Japan has reduced non-tariff barriers. B Read More
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China’s New Silk Road in a Nordic Perspective: The Origins and Development of the Finland-China Rail Routes
More LessAuthors: Erja Kettunen & Claes G. AlvstamPrior research is scarce concerning transports by Nordic companies along the New Silk Road rail routes between Northern Europe and China. Due to geography, Finland has a favourable location for speedy rail transports to Asia compared to maritime transports. This paper focuses on two rail routes – Kouvola-Xi’an and Helsinki-Hefei – and investigates their origins, development, and use for exports and imports between Finland Read More
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The Sustainability of Crafts: Shifting the Paradigm of “Traditional Crafts”
More LessAuthors: Yuko Kikuchi & Hirotake ImanishiJapan is proud of its ‘traditional crafts’. However, the future of its crafts is by no means secure. The makers lack successors, supply chains are aging, materials are no longer available, while the new generation of customers have new tastes and the high prices fail to convince them. The rigidity of tradition and the reluctance to engage globally are hindrances to both marketing and sympathetically motivated research. A r Read More
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The Promotion of Democracy and Japan’s and South Korea’s Official Development Assistance Possibilities and Limitations in the Asian Mode of Foreign Aid
More LessAuthors: Hyo-sook Kim & David PotterDemocracy promotion evolved into an international norm in the 1990s and has been one piece of the international development regime led by the Western developed countries. Since the 2000s, however, the rise of democratic emerging aid donors has been remarkable. However, it is unclear whether they could provide an alternative to the promotion of democracy and encourage the reconceptualization of this idea. This study Read More
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Restoring Femininity through Consumption: Female Fans of Male Porn Actors in Japanese Jôsei-muke AVs
More LessBy Maiko KodakaThis paper looks at female fans of male porn actors in Jôsei-muke Adult Videos (AV) in Japan. The genre of Jôsei-muke is a form of pornography aimed at heterosexual women that features good-looking male porn actors; Eromen and Lovemen. This new genre has emerged in reaction to the decline of mainstream porn studios due to the popularity of porn streaming websites and captures heterosexual women who had been Read More
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In Search of a Just Regional Order in Southeast Asia
More LessThe paper explores the historical quest of Southeast Asian states for a desired regional order. While the colonial period interrupted the original trajectory of local polities’ development, colonial political, economic and social experience made it virtually impossible to get back to that trajectory after decolonization. As a result, Southeast Asian states had to adapt themselves to the matrix of national borders emerged in the regio Read More
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Unknown Asian Russia: Nomadic, Turkic-speaking, Buddhist Tuva Facing Modern Challenges
More LessThe article discusses the research issues related to Tuva, the region with a unique Asian culture. It has been a Soviet-Russian territory since 1944. The “maternal” ethnic group of the Tuvans, the majority of the Republic’s population lives here. In Tuvan studies, the difference of research views and scholars’ affiliation to different traditions of the world’s schools of thought is very clearly noted. Researchers from different countrie Read More
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Economic Twins but Not Identical Vietnam and the Philippines: Potentials for Cooperation from an Economic Perspective
More LessThe security and economic landscape around the world has become fluid and shifting. As neighboring countries, the Philippines and Vietnam confront common geopolitical challenges. Here, the paper examines their economic structures while keeping an eye on possible venues for cooperation. At the macro-level, the two countries are very similar, almost like twins. They have around the same land area, population, Read More
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China's Media Diplomacy In The South China Sea Disputes Case Studies Of The Scarborough Shoal Stand-off And The Oil Rig Crisis
More LessAuthors: Thi My Danh Le & Mark RollsThe Scarborough Shoal stand-off and the oil rig crisis hold symbolic value to the Chinese. During the crises, China’s sovereignty claims over the South China Sea have been recounted several times. As the way that the Chinese government has mobilized media tools to cover the crises and to shape its national image of their rival(s) via its narratives turned the territorial controversies into nationalist demonstrations, and deterio Read More
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French Vloggers in South Korea: An Intercultural Perspective
More LessThe contemporary world goes through a fundamental change with the acceleration of processes and events, which has had an impact on the interactions between people and the ways in which we represent ourselves. Even if it has become easier to travel abroad, to meet and interact with people globally, through new technologies and modes of transport, our recent times have also seen tensions and prejudices growing wit Read More
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Unfinished Business: Mapping The Influence of The PRC & Taiwan in Sarawak through Qiaowu
More LessBy Yun Seh LeeThis paper maps the Overseas Chinese affairs/Qiaowu-specific policies of both the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan in Sarawak State, Malaysia. These two governments are spreading their own versions of influence to win the hearts and minds of the local Chinese communities. The PRC’s aim is to encourage the local Chinese to accept the PRC’s cultural and diplomatic sovereignty; whereas Taiwan wishes to remain s Read More
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Vietnamese female returnees from forced migration in China: An explorative study on media impact and intersectionality
More LessThe once-implemented Chinese one-child policy has reinforced the imbalanced gender ratio and created a significant surplus of bachelors in China. (Involuntary) female migration from Vietnam to China to ease this demographic pressure is a topic that has gained relative media attention in Vietnam. The Vietnamese female migrants (VFMs) who had migrated to China and returned to Vietnam often encounter several proble Read More
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From Palace to Parliament: How Japan and China moved from Imperial Rule to Representation Rule through the lens of their Parliament Buildings
More LessBy Ian R LewisThis paper aims to stimulate discussion on the political architecture of centres of power in East Asia by focusing on the historical transformations of political structures and their architectural edifices in Japan and China. Parliaments as institutions materialise by strenuous, and sometimes sudden, degrees, during moments of critical juncture. The struggle for absolute power to succumb to shared power is extrapolated through the Read More
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Interpreting and Understanding the Cochinchinese Characters: From the Perspective of Europeans in the Early 19th Century
More LessBy Rui LiThis article discusses a rarely discussed manuscript dictionary A Vocabulary of the Cochinchinese Language compiled by Italian missionary Joseph Morrone and published by Peter Stephen Du Ponceau and aims to interpret and discover the understanding of the Cochinchinese characters and their relations with written Chinese characters from the perspective of European missionaries and linguists in the early 19th century. Thr Read More
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Transparent Stage: The Qianlong Emperor and His Glass Yurts
More LessBy Chi-Lynn LinThis essay has focused on the glass yurts used in the New Year ceremony during the Qianlong period and attempted to shed light on such ephemeral experience and performative effects of temporary architecture. Every New Year, in front of the Zhongzheng Dian (the Buddhist center in the Forbidden City), the Qianlong Emperor would command to erect the glass yurt pane-by-pane and hold the grandest of all imperial Read More
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The Missing History of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (1904-1941)
More LessBy Jiajia LiuWith the background of foreign concessions in Shanghai as a result of the Treaty of Nanjing and subsequent treaties between China and Western powers, the Shanghai Stock Exchange (1904-1941) was established by foreign businessmen (mostly British) in Shanghai. This foreign Shanghai Stock Exchange symbolises Western capitalisation in China and deserves the attention of economic historians to investigate its function i Read More
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Recreating Local Tradition: The Study of the Hang Hau Hakka Unicorn Dance in Hong Kong
More LessBy Wai Ling LoThis manuscript discusses the impact of global discourse on intangible cultural heritage, with a particular focus on the cultural manifestations and indigenous social groups. This is exemplified by the Hang Hau Hakka unicorn dance, a traditional socio-cultural practice that was from the Hakka community. This work illustrates how this cultural practice may impact on the anthropological approach to heritage. Since the late 19th Read More
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Enduring Forms of Indenture Chinese Domestic Workers and the use of Penal Sanctions in Colonial Singapore, 1920s-1930s
More LessThis paper aims to shed new light on the history of the abolition of Chinese indenture by analysing the relationship between domestic service and penal sanctions in Singapore. In response to international pressure, legislative reforms designed to abolish Chinese indenture were introduced in Singapore from 1914. The reforms brought an end to long contracts and criminal convictions for breach of contract. In the period after Read More
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How Bai Xianyong’s Melancholy and Chen He’s Nostalgia Are Well Presented in Literary Montage and a Black-and-White Movie
More LessBy Jia MaMelancholy and Nostalgia are not only two connected types of emotion, but also the irresistible motifs frequently appearing in Chinese North American diasporic literature. As two important Chinese North American writers, Bai Xianyong’s melancholy and Chen He’s nostalgia are themes in the former’s short story “Winter Nights” and the latter’s novella “Two Tales of the City in That Black-and-White Movie” “Winter Nights” is Read More
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Russian Perspectives on China’s New Silk Road Vision (Why) Does Moscow Support the BRI?
More LessMany Russian analysts and officials recognize that the expansion of Chinese influence through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents a fundamental, long-term challenge. Yet cooperation between Moscow and Beijing in the regions encompassed by the BRI appears to be increasing at the institutional, economic, and diplomatic levels. Russian reactions to the BRI have gone through three phases: immediately followin Read More
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