Baanbrekend: Gecompliceerde rouwreacties na onvrijwillig baanverlies | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 36, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 0921-5077
  • E-ISSN: 1875-7235

Abstract

Samenvatting

Na onvrijwillig baanverlies kunnen mensen gecompliceerde rouwreacties ontwikkelen, waardoor ze het risico lopen om (langer) werkloos te blijven. Dit artikel beschrijft de uitkomsten van een promotieonderzoek naar de kenmerken, risicofactoren en gevolgen van gecompliceerde rouwreacties na baanverlies. Een eerste stap was het ontwikkelen en valideren van een instrument om gecompliceerde rouwreacties na baanverlies te meten. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat gecompliceerde rouwreacties en depressie- en angstklachten van elkaar te onderscheiden zijn en dat gecompliceerde rouwreacties op termijn kunnen leiden tot depressie- en angstklachten. Belangrijke risicofactoren voor de ontwikkeling van gecompliceerde rouwreacties zijn een sterk geloof in een onrechtvaardige wereld, een verminderd gevoel van eigenwaarde en frequent gebruik van ineffectieve copingstrategieën. In dit artikel wordt tevens de ontwikkeling van een vragenlijst voor het meten van negatieve cognities (gerelateerd aan baanverlies) besproken, en wordt een cognitief gedragsmodel geïntroduceerd om gecompliceerde rouwreacties na baanverlies beter te kunnen duiden. De onderzoeksbevindingen impliceren dat er een opeenstapeling kan ontstaan van psychologische en praktische problemen als gecompliceerde rouwreacties niet tijdig worden herkend. Het is dan ook van belang om kwetsbare individuen na ontslag te identificeren en te behandelen.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/GO2023.3.001.EERS
2023-09-01
2024-06-30
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Archer, J., & Rhodes, V. (1993). The grief process and job loss: A cross-sectional study. British Journal of Psychology, 84(3), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02491.x
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Archer, J., & Rhodes, V. (1995). A longitudinal study of job loss in relation to the grief process. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 5(3), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2450050306
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., Oerlemans, W., & Sonnentag, S. (2013). Workaholism and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study of leisure activities. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1796
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K. (2013). The nature, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroticism: Back to the future. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(3), 344-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613505532
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Beck, A. T., & Dozois, D. J. (2011). Cognitive therapy: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Medicine, 62, 397-409. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-052209-100032
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Boelen, P. A., & Reijntjes, A. (2009). Negative cognitions in emotional problems following romantic relationship break-ups. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 25(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1219
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Boelen, P. A., Van den Bout, J. V., De Keijser, J., & Hoijtink, H. (2003). Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Inventory of Traumatic Grief (ITG). Death Studies, 27(3), 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180302889
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Boelen, P. A., Van den Hout, M. A., & Van den Bout, J. (2006). A cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of complicated grief. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13(2), 109-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2006.00013.x
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bolt, E. E. T., Winterton, J., & Cafferkey, K. (2022). A century of labour turnover research: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(4), 555-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12294
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Bonanno, G. A., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. D. (2011). Resilience to loss and potential trauma. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 511-535. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Brand, J. E. (2015). The far-reaching impact of job loss and unemployment. Annual Review of Sociology, 4, 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-043237
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Brewington, J. O., Nassar-McMillan, S. C., Flowers, C. P., & Furr, S. R. (2004). A preliminary investigation of factors associated with job loss grief. Career Development Quarterly, 53(1), 78-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00657.x
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Brouwer, D., Meijer, R. R., Weekers, A. M., & Baneke, J. J. (2008). On the dimensionality of the Dispositional Hope Scale. Psychological Assessment, 20(3), 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.20.3.310
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Bui, E., LeBlanc, N. J., Morris, L. K., Marques, L., Shear, M. K., & Simon, N. M. (2013). Panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms in complicated grief. Psychiatry Research, 209(1), 118-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.03.033
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
    [Google Scholar]
  16. CBS. (2022). Arbeidsmarkt iets minder gespannen in derde kwartaal. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2022/46/arbeidsmarkt-iets-minder-gespannen-in-derdekwartaal
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Crouchley, K., & Daly, A. (2007). Chronic disease and quality of life in Western Australia. Department of Health, Western Australia.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Dalbert, C. (2011). Embitterment – from the perspective of justice psychology. In M.Linden & A.Maercker (Eds.), Embitterment (pp. 30-41). Springer-Verlag Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99741-3_4
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Dalbert, C., Montada, L., & Schmitt, M. (1987). Glaube an eine gerechte Welt als Motiv: Validierungskorrelate zweier Skalen [Geloof in een rechtvaardige wereld: Validatie van twee schalen]. Psychologische Beitrage, 29(4), 596-615.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Dillen, L., Fontaine, J. R., & Verhofstadt-Denève, L. (2009). Confirming the distinctiveness of complicated grief from depression and anxiety among adolescents. Death Studies, 33(5), 437-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180902805673
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Djelantik, A. A. A. M. J., Smid, G. E., Kleber, R. J., & Boelen, P. A. (2018). Do prolonged grief disorder symptoms predict post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following bereavement? A cross-lagged analysis. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 80, 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.001
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theorical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Gordon, M. E. (2011). The dialectics of the exit interview: A fresh look at conversations about organizational disengagement. Management Communication Quarterly, 25(1), 59-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318910376914
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Gowan, M. A. (2014). Moving from job loss to career management: The past, present, and future of involuntary job loss research. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2014.03.007
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Harris, D. L. (2020). Non-death loss and grief: Context and clinical implications. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429446054
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Harvey, J. H., & Miller, E. D. (1998). Toward a psychology of loss. Psychological Science, 9(6), 429-434. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00081
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2th ed.). The Guilford Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Hobfoll, S. E., Tirone, V., Holmgreen, L., & Gerhart, J. (2016). Conservation of resources theory applied to major stress. In G.Fink (Ed.), Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behaviour (pp. 65-71). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800951-2.00007-8
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Jahoda, M. (1984). Unemployment: Curse or liberation?Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 9(3), 200-201.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Jahoda, M., Lazarsfield, P. F., & Zeisel, H. (2002). Marienthal: The sociography of an unemployed community. Transaction Publisher. (Original work published 1933).
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1999). Rebuilding shattered assumptions after traumatic life events. In C. R.Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 305-323). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195119343.003.0014
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Janssens, K. M. E., Van Weeghel, J., Henderson, C., Joosen, M. C. W., & Brouwers, E. P. M. (2020). Evaluation of an intervention to support decisions on disclosure in the employment setting (DECIDES): Study protocol of a longitudinal cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials, 21, 443. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04376-1
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Kovacs, C., Batinic, B., Stiglbauer, B., & Gnambs, T. (2019). Development of a shortened version of the Latent and Manifest Benefits of work (LAMB) scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35, 685-697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/10155759/a000434
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Lenferink, L. I. M., Nickerson, A., De Keijser, J., Smid, G. E., & Boelen, P. A. (2019). Reciprocal associations between symptom levels of disturbed grief, posttraumatic stress, and depression following traumatic loss: A four-wave cross-lagged study. Clinical Psychological Science7(6), 1330-1339. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619858288
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Martell, C. R., Dimidjian, S., & Herman-Dunn, R. (2013). Behavioral activation for depression: A clinician’s guide. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2010.514119
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Muller, J., & Waters, L. (2012). A review of the Latent And Manifest Benefits (LAMB) scale. Australian Journal of Career Development, 21(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841621202100105
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Papa, A., & Lancaster, N. (2016). Identity continuity and loss after death, divorce, and job loss. Self and Identity, 15(1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1079551
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Papa, A., Lancaster, N. G., & Kahler, J. (2014). Commonalities in grief responding across bereavement and non-bereavement losses. Journal of Affective Disorders, 161, 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.018
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Papa, A., & Maitoza, R. (2013). The role of loss in the experience of grief: The case of job loss. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 18(2), 152-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2012.684580
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Peterie, M., Ramia, G., Marston, G., & Patulny, R. (2019). Social isolation as stigmamanagement: Explaining long-term unemployed people’s ‘failure’ to network. Sociology, 53(6), 1043-1060. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038519856813
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Prigerson, H G., Horowitz, M. J., Jacobs, S. C., Parkes, C. M., Aslan, M., Goodkin, K., Raphael, B., Marwit, S. J., Wortman, C., Neimeyer, R. A., Bonanno, G., Block, S. D., Kissane, D., Boelen, P., Maercker, A., Litz, B. T., Johnson, J. G., First, M. B., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2009). Prolonged grief disorder: Psychometric validation of criteria proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11. PLoS Medicine, 6(8), e1000121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000121
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Prigerson, H., Vanderwerker, L. C., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2007). Prolonged grief disorder: A case for inclusion in DSM-V. In M.Stroebe, R.Hansson, H.Schut, & W.Stroebe (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research and practice: 21st century perspectives (pp. 165-186). American Psychological Association.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Ricketson, M., Dodd, A., Zion, L., & Winarnita, M. (2020). “Like being shot in the face” or “I’m glad I’m out”: Journalists’ experiences of job loss in the Australian media industry 2012-2014. Journalism Studies, 21(1), 54-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1627899
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Rijksoverheid. (2023). Wanneer heb ik recht op een WW-uitkering?https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/ww-uitkering/vraag-en-antwoord/wanneerheb-ik-recht-op-een-ww-uitkering
  48. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Sanders, C. M., Mauger, P. A., & Strong, P. N. (1985). Grief experience inventory, loss version. The Center for the Study of Separation and Loss.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Shear, K., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., & Reynolds, C. F. (2005). Treatment of complicated grief: A randomized controlled trial. Jama, 293(21), 2601-2608. https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/jama.293.21.2601
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Shear, M. K., McLaughlin, K. A., Ghesquiere, A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2011. Complicated grief associated with Hurricane Katrina. Depression and Anxiety, 28(8), 648-657. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20865
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Shear, M. K., Simon, N., Wall, M., Zisook, S., Neimeyer, R., Duan, N., Reynolds, C., Lebowitz, B., Sung, S., Ghesquiere, A., Gorscak, B., Clayton, P., Ito, M., Nakajima, S., Konishi, T., Melhem, N., Meert, K., Schiff, M., O’Connor, M.-F., First, M., Sareen, J., Bolton, J., Skritskaya, N., Mancini, A. D., & Keshaviah, A. (2011a). Complicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28(2), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20780
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Soer, R., Dijkstra, M. W. M. C. S., Bieleman, H. J., Stewart, R. E., Reneman, M. F., Oosterveld, F. G. J., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2019). Measurement properties and implications of the brief resilience scale in healthy workers. Journal of Occupational Health, 61(3), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12041
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Solove, E., Fisher, G. G., & Kraiger, K. (2015). Coping with job loss and reemployment: A two-wave study. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(3), 529-541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9380-7
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Spinhoven, P., Ormel, J., Sloekers, P. P. A., Kempen, G. I. J. M., SpeckersA. E. M., & Van Hemert, A. M. (1997). A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects. Psychological Medicine, 27(2), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291796004382
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Ten Klooster, P. M., Weekers, A. M., Eggelmeijer, F., Van Woerkom, J. M., Drossaert, C. H. C. M., Taal, E., Rasker, J. J., & Baneke, J. J. (2010). Optimisme en/of pessimisme: Factorstructuur van de Nederlandse life orientation test-revised. Psychologie en Gezondheid, 38(2), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03089356
    [Google Scholar]
  57. UWV. (2023). Januarinota 2023: Ontwikkelingen wetten en fondsen UWV 2022-2023. https://www.uwv.nl/overuwv/kennis-cijfers-en-onderzoek/premieadviezen-social-fondsen/januarinota-2023-ontwikkelingen-wetten-en-fondsenuwv-2022-2023.aspx
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2019). Development and initial validation of the job loss grief scale. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 32(4), 428-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2019.1619703
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2020a). Complicated grief following job loss: Risk factors for its development and maintenance. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(5), 698-706. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12650
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2020b). Reciprocal relations between complicated grief, depression, and anxiety following job loss: A cross-lagged analysis. Clinical Psychologist, 24(3), 276-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12212
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2021). Grief reactions, depression, and anxiety following job loss: Patterns and correlates. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1905348
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2022a). Negative cognitions and emotional distress following job loss: Development and validation of the Beliefs about Loss of Work (BLOW) scale. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 15, 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-021-00126-6
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2022b). Symptoms of complicated grief and depression following job loss: Can engagement in non-work activities bring relief?Stress & Health, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3209
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Van Eersel, J. H. W., Taris, T. W., & Boelen, P. A. (2022c). Job loss-related complicated grief symptoms: A cognitive-behavioral framework. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 933995. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933995
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Van Emmerik, A. A. P., Schoorl, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2006). Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch version of the posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(7), 1053-1065.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Van Hooft, E. A. J., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Wanberg, C. R., Kanfer, R., & Basbug, G. (2021). Job search and employment success: A quantitative review and future research agenda. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(5), 674-713. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000675
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Wanberg, C. R. (2012). The individual experience of unemployment. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 369-396. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100500
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Wanberg, C. R., Van Hooft, E. A. J., Dossinger, K., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & Klehe, U. (2020). How strong is my safety net? Perceived unemployment insurance generosity and implications for job search, mental health, and reemployment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(3), 209-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/apl0000435
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/GO2023.3.001.EERS
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/GO2023.3.001.EERS
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error