2004
Volume 114 Number 4
  • ISSN: 0002-5275
  • E-ISSN: 2352-1244

Abstract

Abstract

The arguments of John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor are still strong arguments for an unrestricted freedom of speech. For them, freedom of speech is closely linked to the idea of truth-finding, and truth-finding is crucial for a democratic society like ours and the development of its participants. In short, without freedom of speech, the tyranny of the majority looms. However, it is also reasonable to restrict freedom of action if expressions cause pain to democratic citizens. Since the question whether expressions, including speech, cause pain requires a scientific study of psychological pain, the issue of democratic freedom of speech is intimately linked to, and even depends on scientific inquiry.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/ANTW2022.4.003.REGT
2022-12-01
2024-11-09
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Casanova, M.P., Nelson, M.C., Pickering, M.A., Appleby, K.M., Grindley, E.J., Larkins, L.W. & Baker, R.T. (2021) Measuring psychological pain: psychometric analysis of the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale. Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences3(1), pp. 1-17.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Craig, A.D. (2003) A new view of pain as a homeostatic emotion. Trends in neurosciences26(6), pp. 303-307.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Dewey, J. (1931) Science and society, in: J.A.Boydston (red.) The Later Works, 1925-1953, Vol. 6: 1931-1932 (1985). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Press, pp. 53-63.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Eisenberger, N.I. (2012) The neural bases of social pain: evidence for shared representations with physical pain. Psychosomatic medicine74(2), pp. 126-135.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Gabbatt, A. (2015) Donald Trump’s Tirade on Mexico’s ‘drugs and rapists’ outrages US Latinos. The Guardian, 16juni2015.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hirsi Ali, A. (2006) The right to offend. NRC Handelsblad, 10februari2006.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kowalski, R. & Westen, D. (2011) Psychology (6th edition). John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Locke, J. (1689) Letter concerning toleration, in: The Works of John Locke in Nine Volumes, Vol. 5, 12th ed. (1824). London: Rivington.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Mee, S., Bunney, B.G., Reist, C., Potkin, S.G. & Bunney, W.E. (2006) Psychological pain: a review of evidence. Journal of Psychiatric Research40(8), pp. 680-690.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Mill, J.S. (1859) On Liberty, in: J.M.Robson (red.) The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Vol. 18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 1963-91.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Noorloos, M. van (2011) Hate speech revisited: a comparative and historical perspective on hate speech law in the Netherlands and England & Wales. School of Human Rights Research series, Vol. 45. Cambridge: Intersentia.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Novembre, G., Zanon, M. & Silani, G. (2015) Empathy for social exclusion involves the sensory-discriminative component of pain: a within-subject fMRI study. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience10(2), pp. 153-164.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Orbach, I., Mikulincer, M., Sirota, P. & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2003) Mental pain: a multidimensional operationalization and definition. Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior33(3), pp. 219-230.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Stone, A. & Schauer, F. (red.) (2021). The Oxford Handbook of Freedom of Speech. Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Tossani, E. (2013) The concept of mental pain. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics82(2), pp. 67-73.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Turner, P. N. (2014) “Harm” and Mill’s harm principle. Ethics124(2), pp. 299-326.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.5117/ANTW2022.4.003.REGT
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error