Hoe menselijk is wenselijk? | Amsterdam University Press Journals Online
2004
Volume 51, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1384-6930
  • E-ISSN: 1875-7286

Abstract

Samenvatting

Dit artikel is een samenvatting van een proefschrift waarin onderzoek is gedaan naar de vraag hoe menselijk wenselijk is wanneer het gaat om het communicatieve gedrag van (chatbots, virtuele servicemedewerkers en robots). De resultaten laten zien dat de effecten van het gebruik van menselijke communicatieve gedragingen door conversational agents afhangen van de servicecontext, de fase in de interactie en de individuele behoeften van de gebruiker.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.5117/TCW2023.2.005.PINX
2023-06-01
2024-09-01
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/13846930/51/2/TCW2023.2.005.PINX.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.5117/TCW2023.2.005.PINX&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aggarwal, P., & McGill, A. L. (2007). Is that car smiling at me? Schema congruity as a basis for evaluating anthropomorphized products. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(4), 468-479.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Andreu, L., Casado-Díaz, A. B., & Mattila, A. S. (2015). Effects of message appeal and service type in CSR communication strategies. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1488-1495.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Araujo, T. (2018). Living up to the chatbot hype: The influence of anthropomorphic design cues and communicative agency framing on conversational agent and company perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 183-189.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bainbridge, W. A., Hart, J., Kim, E. S., & Scassellati, B. (2008). The effect of presence on human-robot interaction. RO-MAN 2008 – The 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, September, 701-706.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Baker, M. A., & Kim, K. (2018). The role of language, appearance, and smile on perceptions of authenticity versus rapport. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 74, 171-179.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bartneck, C., Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H., & Hagita, N. (2007). Is the uncanny valley an uncanny cliff?RO-MAN 2007 – The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, September, 368-373.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Beatson, A., Lee, N., & Coote, L. V. (2007). Self-Service technology and the service encounter. Service Industries Journal, 27(1), 75-89.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. BelancheD., Casaló, L.V., and Flavián, F. (2020) Customer’s acceptance of humanoid robots in services: the moderating role of risk aversion, In A.Rocha et al. (Eds.), Marketing and Smart Technologies (pp. 449-458). Springer.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Schepers, J., & Flavián, C. (2021). Examining the effects of robots’ physical appearance, warmth, and competence in frontline services: The Humanness-Value-Loyalty model. Psychology & Marketing, 38(12), 2357-2376.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Berger, C. R. (1986). Uncertain outcome values in predicted relationships uncertainty reduction theory then and now. Human Communication Research, 13(1), 34-38.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Berger, C. R., & Callabrese, R. J. (1975). Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1(2), 99-112.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bergmann, K., Eyssel, F., & Kopp, S. (2012). A second chance to make a first impression? How appearance and nonverbal behavior affect perceived warmth and competence of virtual agents over time. In Y.Nakano, M.Neff, A.Paiva, & M.Walker (Eds.), Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 7502, pp. 126-138). Springer.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Blut, M., Wang, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & Brock, C. (2021). Understanding anthropomorphism in service provision: a meta-analysis of physical robots, chatbots, and other AI. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49, 632-658.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Successful qualitative research, 1-400.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Broadbent, E., Kumar, V., Li, X., Sollers, J., Stafford, R. Q., MacDonald, B. A., & Wegner, D. M. (2013). Robots with display screens: A robot with a more humanlike face display
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Čaić, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Mahr, D. (2018). Service robots: value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks. Journal of Service Management, 29(2), 178-205.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Cassell, J. (2000). More than just another pretty face: Embodied conversational interface agents. Communications of the ACM, 43, 70–78.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. CBS. (2022). Ondernemers zien werkdruk toenemen als gevolg personeelstekort. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2022/33/ondernemers-zien-werkdruk-toenemen-als-gevolg-personeelstekort
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Chattaraman, V., Kwon, W. S., Gilbert, J. E., & Ross, K. (2019). Should AI-Based, conversational digital assistants employ social- or task-oriented interaction style? A task-competency and reciprocity perspective for older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 315-330.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Chaves, A. P., & Gerosa, M. A. (2019). How should my chatbot interact? A survey on human-chatbot interaction design, 1-44. http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.02743
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Cowell, A. J., & Stanney, K. M. (2005). Manipulation of non-verbal interaction style and demographic embodiment to increase anthropomorphic computer character credibility. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 62(2), 281-306.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Crolic, C., Thomaz, F., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2022). Blame the bot: Anthropomorphism and anger in customer–chatbot interactions. Journal of Marketing, 86(1), 132-148.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Cronin, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1994). SERVPERF versus SERVQUAL: Reconciling performance-based and perceptions-minus-expectations measurement of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 125-131. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252256
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Crosby, L. A., Evans, K. R., & Cowles, D. (1990). Relationship quality in services selling: An interpersonal influence perspective. Journal of Marketing, 54(3), 68-81.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Curran, J. M., & Meuter, M. L. (2005). Self-service technology adoption: Comparing three technologies. Journal of Services Marketing, 19(2), 103-113.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Dale, R. (2016). The return of the chatbots. Natural Language Engineering, 22(5), 811-817.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Derrick, D. C., & Ligon, G. S. (2014). The affective outcomes of using influence tactics in embodied conversational agents. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 39-48.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. DiSalvo, C., & Gemperle, F. (2003). From seduction to fulfillment: the use of | anthropomorphic form in design. Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces, 67–72.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Dube-Rioux, L., Schmitt, B. H., & Leclerc, F. (1989). Consumers’ reactions to waiting: when delays affect the perception of service quality. Advances in Consumer Research, 16, 59-63.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Duffy, B. R. (2003). Anthropomorphism and the social robot. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42(3-4), 177-190.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Elliot, A. J., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (1996). Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 638-645.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 114(4), 864-886.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Everett, J., Pizarro, D., & Crockett, M. (2017). Why are we reluctant to trust robots?https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2017/apr/24/why-are-we-reluctant-to-trust-robots
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Fink, J. (2012). Anthropomorphism and human likeness in the design of robots and human-robot interaction. In S. S.Ge, O.Khatib, J. J.Cabibihan, R.Simmons, & M. A.Williams (Eds.), Social Robotics. ICSR 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 7621, pp. 199-208). Springer.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(2), 77-83.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Gartner. (2021). 4 Key Tech Trends in Customer Service to Watch. https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/4-key-tech-trends-in-customer-service-to-watch.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Gratch, J., Wang, N., Okhmatovskaia, A., Lamothe, F., Morales, M., van der Werf, R. J., & Morency, L.-P. (2007). Can virtual humans be more engaging than real ones? In Human-Computer Interaction. HCI Intelligent Multimodal Interaction Environments. HCI 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.4552 (pp. 286-297). Springer.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Gremler, D. D., & Gwinner, K. P. (2008). Rapport-building behaviors used by retail employees. Journal of Retailing, 84(3), 308-324.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Hale, J., & Hamilton, A. F. de C. (2016). Testing the relationship between mimicry, trust and rapport in virtual reality conversations. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 35295.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Hancock, P. A., Billings, D. R., Schaefer, K. E., Chen, J. Y. C., De Visser, E. J., & Parasuraman, R. (2011). A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction. Human Factors, 53(5), 517-527.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Hennig-Thurau, T. (2004). Customer orientation of service employees: Its impact on customer satisfaction, commitment, and retention. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(5), 460-478.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., & Gremler, D. D. (2002). Understanding relationship marketing outcomes: An integration of relational benefits and relationship quality. Journal of Service Research, 4(3), 230-247.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Holtgraves, T. M., Ross, S. J., Weywadt, C. R., & Han, T. L. (2007). Perceiving artificial social agents. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(5), 2163-2174.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Huang, M. H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in Service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155-172.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Indebuurt. (2022). No TitleWil je zien: in deze Amsterdamse bar word je bediend door robots!https://indebuurt.nl/amsterdam/nieuws/nieuw-in/robo-bar~257841/
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Ivaldi, S., Lefort, S., Peters, J., Chetouani, M., Provasi, J., & Zibetti, E. (2017). Towards Engagement Models that Consider Individual Factors in HRI: On the Relation of Extroversion and Negative Attitude Towards Robots to Gaze and Speech During a Human–Robot Assembly Task: Experiments with the iCub humanoid. International Journal of Social Robotics, 9(1), 63–86.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Kanda, T., Kamasima, M., Imai, M., Ono, T., Sakamoto, D., Ishiguro, H., & Anzai, Y. (2007). A humanoid robot that pretends to listen to route guidance from a human. Autonomous Robots, 22(1), 87–100.
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Kaptein, M., Markopoulos, P., de Ruyter, B., & Aarts, E. (2011). Two acts of social intelligence: The effects of mimicry and social praise on the evaluation of an artificial agent. AI and Society, 26(3), 261-273.
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Keeling, K., McGoldrick, P., & Beatty, S. (2010). Avatars as salespeople: Communication style, trust, and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 793-800.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Kim, J. H. (2011). Application of the concept of multi-phase experience to wait management in restaurant services. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(4), 379-394.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Kim, C., Lee, S. G., & Kang, M. (2012). I became an attractive person in the virtual world: Users’ identification with virtual communities and avatars. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1663-1669.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Kim, S. Y., Schmitt, B. H., & Thalmann, N. M. (2019). Eliza in the uncanny valley: anthropomorphizing consumer robots increases their perceived warmth but decreases liking. Marketing Letters, 30(1), 1-12.
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Komatsu, T., & Kamide, M. (2017). Designing robot faces suited to specific tasks that these robots are good at. RO-MAN 2017 – 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 1-5.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Krämer, N., Kopp, S., Becker-Asano, C., & Sommer, N. (2013). Smile and the world will smile with you – The effects of a virtual agent’s smile on users’ evaluation and behavior. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 71(3), 335-349.
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Laranjo, L., Dunn, A. G., Tong, H. L., Kocaballi, A. B., Chen, J., Bashir, R., Surian, D., Gallego, B., Magrabi, F., Lau, A. Y. S., & Coiera, E. (2018). Conversational agents in healthcare: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(9), 1248-1258.
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Larivière, B., Bowen, D., Andreassen, T. W., Kunz, W., Sirianni, N. J., Voss, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & De Keyser, A. (2017). “Service Encounter 2.0”: An investigation into the roles of technology, employees and customers. Journal of Business Research, 79, 238-246.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Lavender, S. A., Sommerich, C. M., Sanders, E. B. N., Evans, K. D., Li, J., Radin Umar, R. Z., & Patterson, E. S. (2020). Developing Evidence-Based Design Guidelines for Medical/Surgical Hospital Patient Rooms That Meet the Needs of Staff, Patients, and Visitors. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 13(1), 145-178.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Lecy, J. D., & Beatty, K. E. (2012). Representative literature reviews using constrained snowball sampling and citation network analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal, January.
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Lee, K. M., Jung, Y., Kim, J., & Kim, S. R. (2006). Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: The effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people’s loneliness in human–robot interaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(10), 962-973.
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Liao, C., Lin, H. N., Luo, M. M., & Chea, S. (2017). Factors influencing online shoppers’ repurchase intentions: The roles of satisfaction and regret. Information and Management, 54(5), 651-668.
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Liebrecht, C., & van der Weegen, E. (2019). Menselijke chatbots: Een zegen voor online klantcontact? het effect van conversational human voice door chatbots op social presence en merkattitude. Tijdschrift Voor Communicatiewetenschap, 47(3), 217-238.
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Liu, X., Yi, X., & Wan, L. C. (2022). Friendly or competent? The effects of perception of robot appearance and service context on usage intention. Annals of Tourism Research, 92, 103324.
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Lombard, M., & Xu, K. (2021). Social responses to media technologies in the 21st century: The media are social actors paradigm. Human-Machine Communication, 2, 29-55.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Luo, J. T., McGoldrick, P., Beatty, S., & Keeling, K. A. (2006). On-screen characters: Their design and influence on consumer trust. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(2), 112-124.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. McBreen, H. M., & Jack, M. A. (2001). Evaluating humanoid synthetic agents in e-retail applications. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans, 31(5), 394-405.
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Morgan, B. (2017). 10 Things robots can’t do better than humans. https://www.forbes.com/sites/blakemorgan/2017/08/16/10-things-robots-cant-do-betterthan-humans/#547f6ffcc83d
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Nass, C., & Reeves, B. (1996). The Media Equation: How people treat computers, television and new media like real people and places. Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Nass, C., Steuer, J., & Tauber, E. R. (1994). Computers are social actors. Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’94, 72-78.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2005). The importance of attitude and appearance in the service encounter in retail and hospitality. Managing Service Quality, 15(2), 195-208.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Noone, B. M., Kimes, S. E., Mattila, A. S., & Wirtz, J. (2009). Perceived service encounter pace and customer satisfaction. Journal of Service Management, 20(4), 380-403.
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Novak, T. P., & Hoffman, D. L. (2019). Relationship journeys in the internet of things: a new framework for understanding interactions between consumers and smart objects. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 47(2), 216-237.
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Nowak, K. L., & Rauh, C. (2005). The influence of the avatar on online perceptions of anthropomorphism, androgyny, credibility, homophily, and attraction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(1), 153-178.
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Oertel, C., Castellano, G., Chetouani, M., Nasir, J., Obaid, M., Pelachaud, C., & Peters, C. (2020). Engagement in Human-Agent Interaction: An Overview. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 7, 1–21.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Packard, G., Moore, S. G., & McFerran, B. (2014). How Can “I” Help “You”? The impact of personal pronoun use in customer-firm agent interactions. In Marketing Science Institute Research Report. http://www.msi.org/reports/how-can-i-help-you-the-impact-of-personal-pronoun-use-in-customer-firm-agen/
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Paiva, A., Dias, J., Sobral, D., Aylett, R., Woods, S., Hall, L., & Zoll, C. (2005). Learning by feeling: Evoking empathy with synthetic characters. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 19(3-4), 235-266.
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., Grewal, D., & Evans, K. R. (2006). Factors influencing the effectiveness of relationship marketing: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 136-153. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.4.136
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Polani. (2017). Motionless chatbots are taking over customer service – and it’s bad news for consumers. https://theconversation.com/emotionless-chatbots-are-taking-over-customer-service-and-its-bad-news-for-consumers-82962
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Powers, A., Kramer, A. D. I., Lim, S., Kuo, J., Sau-laiLee, & Kiesler, S. (2005). Eliciting information from people with a gendered humanoid robot. ROMAN 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2005, 158-163.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Qiu, L., & Benbasat, I. (2010). A study of demographic embodiments of product recommendation agents in electronic commerce. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 68(10), 669-688.
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Qiu, H., Li, M., Shu, B., & Bai, B. (2019). Enhancing hospitality experience with service robots: the mediating role of rapport building. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 29(3), 247-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1645073
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Radziwill, N. M., & Benton, M. C. (2017). Evaluating quality of chatbots and intelligent conversational agents. In arXiv: preprint. http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04579
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Rust, R. T., & Huang, M.-H. (2014). The service revolution and the transformation of marketing science. Marketing Science, 33(2), 206-221.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Salem, M., Eyssel, F., Rohlfing, K., Kopp, S., & Joublin, F. (2013). To err is human(-like): effects of robot gesture on perceived anthropomorphism and likability. International Journal of Social Robotics, 5(3), 313-323.
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Sanders, E. B.-N. (2000). Generative tools for co-designing. In Collaborative Design. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0779-8_1
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Sanders, E. B.-N., & Stappers, P. J. (2012). Convivial toolbox: Generative design research for the front end of design (BIS).
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Schuetzler, R. M., Grimes, G. M., & Giboney, J. S. (2018). An investigation of conversational agent relevance, presence, and engagement. Americas Conference on Information Systems 2018: Digital Disruption, AMCIS 2018.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Seo, S. H., Griffin, K., Young, J. E., Bunt, A., Prentice, S., & Loureiro-Rodríguez, V. (2018). Investigating People’s Rapport Building and Hindering Behaviors When Working with a Collaborative Robot. International Journal of Social Robotics, 10(1), 147–161.
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Specht, N., Fichtel, S., & Meyer, A. (2007). Perception and attribution of employees’ effort and abilities: The impact on customer encounter satisfaction. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(5), 534-554.
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Sundaram, D. S., & Webster, C. (2000). The role of nonverbal communication in service encounters. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(5), 378-391.
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Van Dolen, W. M., Dabholkar, P. A., & de Ruyter, K. (2007). Satisfaction with online commercial group chat: The influence of perceived technology attributes, chat group characteristics, and advisor communication style. Journal of Retailing, 83(3), 339-358.
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Van Doorn, J., Mende, M., Noble, S. M., Hulland, J., Ostrom, A. L., Grewal, D., & Petersen, J. A. (2017). Domo arigato Mr. Roboto: Emergence of automated social presence in organizational frontlines and customers’ service experiences. Journal of Service Research, 20(1), 43-58.
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Van Pinxteren, M. M. E., Pluymaekers, M., & Lemmink, J. G. A. M. (2020). Humanlike communication in conversational agents: a literature review and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 31(2), 203-225.
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Van Pinxteren, M. M. E., Wetzels, R. W. H., Rüger, J., Pluymaekers, M., & Wetzels, M. (2019). Trust in humanoid robots: implications for services marketing. Journal of Services Marketing, 33(4), 507-518.
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Von Der Pütten, A. M., Krämer, N. C., Gratch, J., & Kang, S. H. (2010). “It doesn’t matter what you are!” Explaining social effects of agents and avatars. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1641-1650.
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Waytz, A., Cacioppo, J., & Epley, N. (2010). Who sees human? The stability and importance of individual differences in anthropomorphism. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 219-232.
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Wirtz, J., Patterson, P. G., Kunz, W. H., Gruber, T., Lu, V. N., Paluch, S., & Martins, A. (2018). Brave new world: service robots in the frontline. Journal of Service Management, 29(5), 907-931.
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Wirtz, J., Kunz, W., & Paluch, S. (2021). The service revolution, intelligent automation and service robots. European Business Review, 29(5), 38-44.
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Yoo, W., Kim, S. Y., Hong, Y., Chih, M. Y., Shah, D. V., & Gustafson, D. H. (2015). Patient-clinician mobile communication: Analyzing text messaging between adolescents with asthma and nurse case managers. Telemedicine and E-Health, 21(1), 62-69.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.5117/TCW2023.2.005.PINX
Loading
/content/journals/10.5117/TCW2023.2.005.PINX
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error