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The aim of the article is to characterize the Russian translations of Dutch-language literature between 1945-1990 on both a macro and a micro level. At the macro level, this period is subdivided into smaller spans and the characteristics of each sub-period are listed. In doing so, attention is paid to the historical milestones that determined the Zeitgeist of various time periods, as well as to institutions and institutional developments that influenced translation in the Soviet Union. Additionally, the life and work of five important Russian translators from Dutch are briefly sketched. At the micro level, the translated texts are compared with the source texts to illustrate the tendencies identified at the macro level. In this way one can study from an insider’s perspective how translations were made and how they were censored in the Soviet era. It is shown that Dutch translations that appeared up to 1960 were based on German translations of the Dutch originals, and that the translations were mainly censored on four subjects: sex, Jews, Christianity and certain historical events.
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